![]() ![]() As in all Sepiolinae, most distinguishing morphological characters are found only in males, making it very difficult to identify females using morphology alone. Unfortunately, the suckers readily become dislodged from preserved specimens during examination, often confounding definitive taxonomic identification. Within Euprymna, in addition to the differences in the hectocotylus among species, the nature and arrangement of male enlarged arm suckers are among the key characters used to distinguish species. Among the Sepiolinae, species of Euprymna can be distinguished by the absence of a distinct copulatory apparatus in their hectocotylus, the modified left arm 1 in males involved in mating, and the number and organization of arm sucker rows. Over 68 species of Sepiolidae have been described 25. scolopes 24, these small cephalopods are emerging systems for comparative biology. described below), and the recently sequenced genome of E. With the closure of the life cycle for several sepiolid squid 20, 21, 22, 23 (including Euprymna parva (Sasaki, 1913) comb. The small size of bobtail squid makes them ideal for advanced imaging 16 opening up new opportunities for characterizing the cephalopod nervous system, complementing the extensive studies of the pygmy squid Idiosepius Steenstrup, 1881 by Shigeno and colleagues 17, 18, 19. scolopes, initially for studies of symbiosis, has promoted the detailed characterization of embryonic development, both morphologically 12 and at the molecular level 13, 14, 15. Associative learning, behavioral genetic studies, and the heritability of personality and fitness traits were also investigated in several species of bobtail squids 7, 8, 9, 10, 11. The Hawaiian bobtail squid Euprymna scolopes Berry, 1913 has become a prominent model for the study of symbiosis with their luminescent bacteria Vibrio fischeri located in the luminescent organ 5, 6. Together with Idiosepiidae they are the sister group of the true squids (Teuthoidea) 1.ĭue to their small size and ease of culturing in captivity, species of Euprymna and Sepiola are increasingly emerging as model systems for a range of biological studies 2, 3, 4. Bobtail squid lack a “true” sepion (cuttlebone) and the gladius (pen) is chitinous, reduced, or absent. The common name of these animals comes from their characteristic rounded (“bobbed”) posterior mantle. Similar content being viewed by othersīobtail squid of the subfamily Sepiolinae Appellöf, 1898, including Euprymna Steenstrup, 1887 and Sepiola Leach, 1817, are small nektobenthic cephalopods generally found in shallow coastal waters of the Indo-west Pacific, the east Atlantic coast, and the Mediterranean Sea. The broadly sampled transcriptomes reported here provide a foundation for future phylogenetic and comparative studies. pardalota Reid, 2011, known from Australia and East Timor. While no adults from the third Ryukyuan type were found, sequences from hatchlings suggest a close relationship with E. ![]() Molecular analyses, however, place this taxon within the genus Euprymna Steenstrup, 1887, and additional morphological investigation led to formal rediagnosis of Euprymna and reassignment of this species as Euprymna parva comb. ![]() Another Ryukyuan type is morphologically indistinguishable from Sepiola parva Sasaki, 1913. One Ryukyuan type was previously unknown, and is described here as Euprymna brenneri sp. Here, we combine mitochondrial and transcriptome sequences with morphological analysis to describe three species of bobtail squid (Sepiolidae: Sepiolinae) from the Ryukyu archipelago, and compare them with related taxa. Bobtail squid are emerging models for host–microbe interactions, behavior, and development, yet their species diversity and distribution remain poorly characterized. ![]()
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